High voltage might sound powerful, but is it always the best choice? In reality, high-voltage systems don't always deliver better performance, and lower voltage can offer improved safety, easier installation and lower costs.
Whether you're setting up outdoor lights or wiring up an off-grid cabin, understanding voltage can help you make smarter and safer decisions. In this blog, we'll break down the differences between low and high voltage, explain when high-voltage power is useful and when it isn't, and guide you towards choosing the right power supply for your next project.
What Is Voltage?
Voltage, also known as electrical pressure, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a circuit, it's what pushes the current (the flow of charged electrons) through the system.
A helpful way to understand voltage is by comparing it to a plumbing system. Think of the electrical current as water flowing through the pipes, and voltage as the water pressure. The higher the pressure (voltage), the more water (current) can flow.
The Case for Higher Voltage
In Australia, transmission power lines can carry high-voltage loads of up to 500,000v. These high voltages are used to efficiently transport electricity over long distances from power plants to major load centres. After transmission, electricity is stepped down and sent through distribution lines, which typically operate at medium voltages, before being stepped down again for local use.
As high voltage systems pose a greater risk of serious injuries like electric shocks, causing severe burns or death, electricity is delivered to homes and businesses as lower voltage 240v power.
In power systems that people may handle directly, touch-safe 12v and 24v are best, as the risk of electric shock is greatly reduced with low voltages. Low-voltage systems are used for a range of applications, from boats and solar systems to outdoor lighting and caravans.
High-voltage systems offer the best efficiency when large amounts of power need to be distributed across long distances, as the current can be decreased to reduce losses. They are also preferred for applications such as mining and infrastructure, which require efficient and reliable power supplies. However, low-voltage 12v or 24v power systems are preferred in DIY or home wiring systems where people will be touching wires and terminals, as they offer sufficient performance for smaller systems without the associated safety risks.
Why Higher Voltage Is Not Always Best
Both low and high-voltage systems can deliver the same power output, but low-voltage systems are much safer in situations where there is a higher risk of electric shock. Here are some other reasons that higher voltage isn't always best:
- High-voltage power requires more complex maintenance
- High-voltage lines need more insulation
- Low-voltage systems are cheaper, DIY friendly and easy to install
- In small-scale systems and residential settings, high voltage is excessive
- High-voltage power can only be worked on by qualified professionals
- Low-voltage is more suitable for battery-based systems
Real-World Examples
There are some cases in which high voltages are necessary. For example, residential solar systems can operate at up to 1000v.
Higher voltages minimise energy losses and make systems more efficient because the current required to deliver the same amount of power is reduced.
Rapid EV charging stations operate at 400-900v to enable faster charging times. These high-powered charging stations are particularly popular at service centres and public car parks, so drivers don't have to wait as long to get back on the road.
Additionally, commercial lighting systems may use voltages up to 480v, depending on the size and type of building. High voltage systems are preferred for large-scale setups because they are more efficient and minimise energy loss over long distances.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Voltage
When deciding on the best voltage for your system, start by identifying the purpose of your application. If you need to power electronic devices of high watts (like air conditioners or ovens), a high-voltage system may be more efficient. For anything over 2000 watts, a 12 or 24v system probably won't be sufficient.
The second consideration is the length of the cable. The longer the cable, the more voltage is lost, especially in low-voltage systems. In these cases, increasing the voltage can help maintain performance.
In Australia, you must be licensed to work on any system exceeding 50v AC or 120v DC. For DIY, or small-scale, low-voltage is the safer and legally compliant choice.
Check Out Our Safe & Stunning 24-Voltage Range
There are many reasons that a higher voltage isn't always the best option but safety is the key motivation for choosing a low-voltage alternative. This is especially relevant when it comes to garden lights that are exposed to harsh weather conditions like the Aussie sun and summer storms.
Another great reason to opt for low-voltage outdoor lights from Fusion Lighting is that you can install a system that will transform your backyard yourself, without the cost of an electrician. (We even offer free shipping, Australia-wide!)
See our festoon garden lights range to learn more about the advantages of Fusion Lighting's 24v lights compared to those that run on regular household power. Alternatively, call us today on 1300 463 735 for a free custom lighting design.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the disadvantages of high voltage?
The main disadvantage of high-voltage power is that it's not DIY friendly. You must be a qualified electrician to work on systems over 50v AC or 120v DC.
Does higher voltage mean better?
A higher voltage doesn't necessarily mean better performance, as voltage doesn't determine brightness.
Why is high voltage bad?
High voltage power has several associated risks and can cause electrocution if not handled correctly, however it's the best solution in cases where high loads need to be distributed over long distances.
Why are higher voltages more efficient?
Higher voltages are more efficient because they reduce the current that's required. A lower current means that less energy is lost as heat in the wiring.
